Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on thefollowing passage."My favorite pair ofjeans has finally blown a hole in the knee! I'm so excited to throw them out,clear my plans for the day, and head to the mall to shop for a new pair ofjeans!" Said no one ever.Shopping for a pair of jeanswas so simple when I was younger. I grabbed my size and went directly to thecash register. But somewhere along the line it got so much more complicated.Last weekend I went to theMall of America in search of a new pair of jeans. And that is when my ragereached new heights. I've had trouble finding the perfect pair of jeans in thepast, but never quite like this. This was denim(牛仔布) nightmare. I went to nine differentstores and probably tried on thousands of different pairs. Skinny jeans, flarejeans, boyfriend fit, low rise, bell-bottom, high waisted-even the dreaded slimfit--and still nothing was working.And don't even get mestarted on the sizing situation. I feel like every store I walk into I have adifferent jean size. There's waist sizing, which is 24 through 32, and thenthere's U.S. sizing, which is double zero through 14. And that doesn't eveninclude length. It's a lot to take in.And it's not just the denim,it's everything that comes along with trying on denim. It's the squeezing ofskin, the horrific dressing room lighting and the exhausting dance you have todo every time you're trying to get the jeans over your bottom.In a determined attempt tosave this horrible experience of shopping endless hours for denim, I made myway to the Smith's store. I usually wouldn't walk into Smith's because I don'tlike to spend more than $50 on a pair of jeans, but I had reached my breakingpoint. After all, Smith's is one of good designers of blue jeans. And they'vebeen making jeans for decades. So, I think they have a pretty good grip on whatgreat denim involves.Unfortunately, still nothing.My spirit was broken. Maybe the perfect pair of blue jeans just isn't in thecards for me. With that being said, I've come to the conclusion that I'm goingto live in leggings(女式紧身裤) for the rest of my life. Which word best describes the author's buying experience?

Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on thefollowing passage."My favorite pair ofjeans has finally blown a hole in the knee! I'm so excited to throw them out,clear my plans for the day, and head to the mall to shop for a new pair ofjeans!" Said no one ever.Shopping for a pair of jeanswas so simple when I was younger. I grabbed my size and went directly to thecash register. But somewhere along the line it got so much more complicated.Last weekend I went to theMall of America in search of a new pair of jeans. And that is when my ragereached new heights. I've had trouble finding the perfect pair of jeans in thepast, but never quite like this. This was denim(牛仔布) nightmare. I went to nine differentstores and probably tried on thousands of different pairs. Skinny jeans, flarejeans, boyfriend fit, low rise, bell-bottom, high waisted-even the dreaded slimfit--and still nothing was working.And don't even get mestarted on the sizing situation. I feel like every store I walk into I have adifferent jean size. There's waist sizing, which is 24 through 32, and thenthere's U.S. sizing, which is double zero through 14. And that doesn't eveninclude length. It's a lot to take in.And it's not just the denim,it's everything that comes along with trying on denim. It's the squeezing ofskin, the horrific dressing room lighting and the exhausting dance you have todo every time you're trying to get the jeans over your bottom.In a determined attempt tosave this horrible experience of shopping endless hours for denim, I made myway to the Smith's store. I usually wouldn't walk into Smith's because I don'tlike to spend more than $50 on a pair of jeans, but I had reached my breakingpoint. After all, Smith's is one of good designers of blue jeans. And they'vebeen making jeans for decades. So, I think they have a pretty good grip on whatgreat denim involves.Unfortunately, still nothing.My spirit was broken. Maybe the perfect pair of blue jeans just isn't in thecards for me. With that being said, I've come to the conclusion that I'm goingto live in leggings(女式紧身裤) for the rest of my life. Why does the author rarely go to Smith's?

Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on thefollowing passage."My favorite pair ofjeans has finally blown a hole in the knee! I'm so excited to throw them out,clear my plans for the day, and head to the mall to shop for a new pair ofjeans!" Said no one ever.Shopping for a pair of jeanswas so simple when I was younger. I grabbed my size and went directly to thecash register. But somewhere along the line it got so much more complicated.Last weekend I went to theMall of America in search of a new pair of jeans. And that is when my ragereached new heights. I've had trouble finding the perfect pair of jeans in thepast, but never quite like this. This was denim(牛仔布) nightmare. I went to nine differentstores and probably tried on thousands of different pairs. Skinny jeans, flarejeans, boyfriend fit, low rise, bell-bottom, high waisted-even the dreaded slimfit--and still nothing was working.And don't even get mestarted on the sizing situation. I feel like every store I walk into I have adifferent jean size. There's waist sizing, which is 24 through 32, and thenthere's U.S. sizing, which is double zero through 14. And that doesn't eveninclude length. It's a lot to take in.And it's not just the denim,it's everything that comes along with trying on denim. It's the squeezing ofskin, the horrific dressing room lighting and the exhausting dance you have todo every time you're trying to get the jeans over your bottom.In a determined attempt tosave this horrible experience of shopping endless hours for denim, I made myway to the Smith's store. I usually wouldn't walk into Smith's because I don'tlike to spend more than $50 on a pair of jeans, but I had reached my breakingpoint. After all, Smith's is one of good designers of blue jeans. And they'vebeen making jeans for decades. So, I think they have a pretty good grip on whatgreat denim involves.Unfortunately, still nothing.My spirit was broken. Maybe the perfect pair of blue jeans just isn't in thecards for me. With that being said, I've come to the conclusion that I'm goingto live in leggings(女式紧身裤) for the rest of my life. What does the author conclude?

Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.It is not surprising thatmany women complain that their partners don't listen to them. But men make thesame complaint about women, although less frequently. The accusation"You're not listening" often really means “You don't understandwhat I meant, or "I'm not getting the response I wanted."Beinglistened to means being understood and being valued.In my earlier work Iemphasized that women may get the impression that men aren't listening to themeven when the men really are. This happens because men have different habitualways of showing they're' listening. As anthropologists(人类学家) Maltz and Borkerexplain, women are more inclined to ask questions. They also give morelistening responses-little words like mhm, uh-uh, and yeah-scattered throughoutsomeone else's talk. And they respond more positively and enthusiastically, forexample by agreeing and laughing.All this behavior is doingthe work of listening. It also creates friendly talk by emphasizing connectionand encouraging more talk. The corresponding strategies of men-giving fewerlistener responses, making statements rather than asking questions, andchallenging rather than agreeing-can be understood as moves in a contest byspeakers rather than audience members.Not only do women give morelistening signals, according to Maltz and Borker, but the signals they givehave different meanings for men and women. Women use"yeah"to mean"I'm with you, I follow," whereas men tend to say"yeah"only when they agree.The opportunity for misunderstanding isclear. When a man is confronted with a woman who has been saying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah, "and then turns out not toagree, he may conclude that she has been insincere, or that she was agreeingwithout really listening. When a woman is confronted with a man who does notsay "yeah"—or much of anything else-she may conclude that he hasn't beenlistening. The men's style is more literally focused on the message level oftalk, while the women's is focused on the relationship level.To a man who expects alistener to be quietly attentive, a woman giving a stream of feedback andsupport will seem to be talking too much for a listener. To a woman who expectsa listener to be active and enthusiastic in showing interest, attention, andsupport, a man who listens silently will seem not to be listening at all, butrather to have checked out of the conversation and gone mentally home. What is the main message conveyed in paragraph 1?

Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.It is not surprising thatmany women complain that their partners don't listen to them. But men make thesame complaint about women, although less frequently. The accusation"You're not listening" often really means “You don't understandwhat I meant, or "I'm not getting the response I wanted."Beinglistened to means being understood and being valued.In my earlier work Iemphasized that women may get the impression that men aren't listening to themeven when the men really are. This happens because men have different habitualways of showing they're' listening. As anthropologists(人类学家) Maltz and Borkerexplain, women are more inclined to ask questions. They also give morelistening responses-little words like mhm, uh-uh, and yeah-scattered throughoutsomeone else's talk. And they respond more positively and enthusiastically, forexample by agreeing and laughing.All this behavior is doingthe work of listening. It also creates friendly talk by emphasizing connectionand encouraging more talk. The corresponding strategies of men-giving fewerlistener responses, making statements rather than asking questions, andchallenging rather than agreeing-can be understood as moves in a contest byspeakers rather than audience members.Not only do women give morelistening signals, according to Maltz and Borker, but the signals they givehave different meanings for men and women. Women use"yeah"to mean"I'm with you, I follow," whereas men tend to say"yeah"only when they agree.The opportunity for misunderstanding isclear. When a man is confronted with a woman who has been saying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah, "and then turns out not toagree, he may conclude that she has been insincere, or that she was agreeingwithout really listening. When a woman is confronted with a man who does notsay "yeah"—or much of anything else-she may conclude that he hasn't beenlistening. The men's style is more literally focused on the message level oftalk, while the women's is focused on the relationship level.To a man who expects alistener to be quietly attentive, a woman giving a stream of feedback andsupport will seem to be talking too much for a listener. To a woman who expectsa listener to be active and enthusiastic in showing interest, attention, andsupport, a man who listens silently will seem not to be listening at all, butrather to have checked out of the conversation and gone mentally home. What do women listeners tend to do in a talk according to Maltz and Borker?

Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.It is not surprising thatmany women complain that their partners don't listen to them. But men make thesame complaint about women, although less frequently. The accusation"You're not listening" often really means “You don't understandwhat I meant, or "I'm not getting the response I wanted."Beinglistened to means being understood and being valued.In my earlier work Iemphasized that women may get the impression that men aren't listening to themeven when the men really are. This happens because men have different habitualways of showing they're' listening. As anthropologists(人类学家) Maltz and Borkerexplain, women are more inclined to ask questions. They also give morelistening responses-little words like mhm, uh-uh, and yeah-scattered throughoutsomeone else's talk. And they respond more positively and enthusiastically, forexample by agreeing and laughing.All this behavior is doingthe work of listening. It also creates friendly talk by emphasizing connectionand encouraging more talk. The corresponding strategies of men-giving fewerlistener responses, making statements rather than asking questions, andchallenging rather than agreeing-can be understood as moves in a contest byspeakers rather than audience members.Not only do women give morelistening signals, according to Maltz and Borker, but the signals they givehave different meanings for men and women. Women use"yeah"to mean"I'm with you, I follow," whereas men tend to say"yeah"only when they agree.The opportunity for misunderstanding isclear. When a man is confronted with a woman who has been saying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah, "and then turns out not toagree, he may conclude that she has been insincere, or that she was agreeingwithout really listening. When a woman is confronted with a man who does notsay "yeah"—or much of anything else-she may conclude that he hasn't beenlistening. The men's style is more literally focused on the message level oftalk, while the women's is focused on the relationship level.To a man who expects alistener to be quietly attentive, a woman giving a stream of feedback andsupport will seem to be talking too much for a listener. To a woman who expectsa listener to be active and enthusiastic in showing interest, attention, andsupport, a man who listens silently will seem not to be listening at all, butrather to have checked out of the conversation and gone mentally home. Which of the following is a strategy of men listeners?

Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.It is not surprising thatmany women complain that their partners don't listen to them. But men make thesame complaint about women, although less frequently. The accusation"You're not listening" often really means “You don't understandwhat I meant, or "I'm not getting the response I wanted."Beinglistened to means being understood and being valued.In my earlier work Iemphasized that women may get the impression that men aren't listening to themeven when the men really are. This happens because men have different habitualways of showing they're' listening. As anthropologists(人类学家) Maltz and Borkerexplain, women are more inclined to ask questions. They also give morelistening responses-little words like mhm, uh-uh, and yeah-scattered throughoutsomeone else's talk. And they respond more positively and enthusiastically, forexample by agreeing and laughing.All this behavior is doingthe work of listening. It also creates friendly talk by emphasizing connectionand encouraging more talk. The corresponding strategies of men-giving fewerlistener responses, making statements rather than asking questions, andchallenging rather than agreeing-can be understood as moves in a contest byspeakers rather than audience members.Not only do women give morelistening signals, according to Maltz and Borker, but the signals they givehave different meanings for men and women. Women use"yeah"to mean"I'm with you, I follow," whereas men tend to say"yeah"only when they agree.The opportunity for misunderstanding isclear. When a man is confronted with a woman who has been saying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah, "and then turns out not toagree, he may conclude that she has been insincere, or that she was agreeingwithout really listening. When a woman is confronted with a man who does notsay "yeah"—or much of anything else-she may conclude that he hasn't beenlistening. The men's style is more literally focused on the message level oftalk, while the women's is focused on the relationship level.To a man who expects alistener to be quietly attentive, a woman giving a stream of feedback andsupport will seem to be talking too much for a listener. To a woman who expectsa listener to be active and enthusiastic in showing interest, attention, andsupport, a man who listens silently will seem not to be listening at all, butrather to have checked out of the conversation and gone mentally home. What does 'yeah'mean to men in a talk?

Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.It is not surprising thatmany women complain that their partners don't listen to them. But men make thesame complaint about women, although less frequently. The accusation"You're not listening" often really means “You don't understandwhat I meant, or "I'm not getting the response I wanted."Beinglistened to means being understood and being valued.In my earlier work Iemphasized that women may get the impression that men aren't listening to themeven when the men really are. This happens because men have different habitualways of showing they're' listening. As anthropologists(人类学家) Maltz and Borkerexplain, women are more inclined to ask questions. They also give morelistening responses-little words like mhm, uh-uh, and yeah-scattered throughoutsomeone else's talk. And they respond more positively and enthusiastically, forexample by agreeing and laughing.All this behavior is doingthe work of listening. It also creates friendly talk by emphasizing connectionand encouraging more talk. The corresponding strategies of men-giving fewerlistener responses, making statements rather than asking questions, andchallenging rather than agreeing-can be understood as moves in a contest byspeakers rather than audience members.Not only do women give morelistening signals, according to Maltz and Borker, but the signals they givehave different meanings for men and women. Women use"yeah"to mean"I'm with you, I follow," whereas men tend to say"yeah"only when they agree.The opportunity for misunderstanding isclear. When a man is confronted with a woman who has been saying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah, "and then turns out not toagree, he may conclude that she has been insincere, or that she was agreeingwithout really listening. When a woman is confronted with a man who does notsay "yeah"—or much of anything else-she may conclude that he hasn't beenlistening. The men's style is more literally focused on the message level oftalk, while the women's is focused on the relationship level.To a man who expects alistener to be quietly attentive, a woman giving a stream of feedback andsupport will seem to be talking too much for a listener. To a woman who expectsa listener to be active and enthusiastic in showing interest, attention, andsupport, a man who listens silently will seem not to be listening at all, butrather to have checked out of the conversation and gone mentally home. Both men and women speakers expect their listeners to be________.

Passage 3Questions to 15 are based on thefollowing passage.When my daughter Jane was infirst grade, her teacher pressured me to put her on stimulants(兴奋剂). She explainedthat Jane daydreamed; she also became over-excited- when she learned somethingnew. "Inattention and excessive activity are classic symptoms of ADHD(多动症). They can be treated with Adderall or Ritalin,”her teacher explained.But I knew this was absurd. Jane did not haveADHD. "That just sounds like any bright kid,"I responded. "Ifshe's ahead of her classmates, she'll be bored sometimes."I was on to something. Somescientists believe that kids with IQs in the top 5 to 10 percent of thepopulation are especially at risk for ADHD misdiagnosis. It is estimated thatsomewhere between one-third and one-half of intelligent kids diagnosed withADHD are misdiagnosed. As I suspected, that is because smart kids such as Janeengage in the same behaviors as children with ADHD. For example, both brightkids and those with ADHD are over-excitable and inattentive. Both questionauthority.Even so, her teacher'ssuggestion merited further consideration. After all, intelligent children suchas Jane can still have ADHD. I was not going to ignore Jane's' problem.But I amalso a doctor. And I know stimulants carry risks.For example, a"naturalexperiment"in Quebec revealed that kids using stimulants for ADHD may bemore likely to drop out of school and underperform in math. Other evidencesuggests that these drugs deteriorate some child-parent relationships.Additionally, a one-year study suggests that stimulant use can lead to chronicdepression.Meanwhile, stimulants are nocure. They simply reduce core ADHD symptoms while the child is on the drug.Consequently, drugs may hide conditions that are misleadingly presenting asADHD, leaving them unnoticed.Due to these concerns, Itried other approaches before drugs. I enrolled Jane in a more challengingschool. There, she became first in her class. Later, she became high schoolvaledictorian(致告别辞的毕业生代表).What if I had accepted herteacher's suggestion? Jane probably would have been fine. But she could havedropped out of school. Medication might have sucked her into a depression orhidden her real problems leaving them unnoticed. Also, humanity might neverhave benefited from Jane's considerable achievements.Being watchful whilemedicating children is important for all parents, especially parents ofintelligent children. Mounting evidence indicates that bright kids are atconsiderable risk for misdiagnosis. And medication may minimize theircontributions, upon which society's progress depends. What are Adderall and Ritalin?

Passage 3Questions to 15 are based on thefollowing passage.When my daughter Jane was infirst grade, her teacher pressured me to put her on stimulants(兴奋剂). She explainedthat Jane daydreamed; she also became over-excited- when she learned somethingnew. "Inattention and excessive activity are classic symptoms of ADHD(多动症). They can be treated with Adderall or Ritalin,”her teacher explained.But I knew this was absurd. Jane did not haveADHD. "That just sounds like any bright kid,"I responded. "Ifshe's ahead of her classmates, she'll be bored sometimes."I was on to something. Somescientists believe that kids with IQs in the top 5 to 10 percent of thepopulation are especially at risk for ADHD misdiagnosis. It is estimated thatsomewhere between one-third and one-half of intelligent kids diagnosed withADHD are misdiagnosed. As I suspected, that is because smart kids such as Janeengage in the same behaviors as children with ADHD. For example, both brightkids and those with ADHD are over-excitable and inattentive. Both questionauthority.Even so, her teacher'ssuggestion merited further consideration. After all, intelligent children suchas Jane can still have ADHD. I was not going to ignore Jane's' problem.But I amalso a doctor. And I know stimulants carry risks.For example, a"naturalexperiment"in Quebec revealed that kids using stimulants for ADHD may bemore likely to drop out of school and underperform in math. Other evidencesuggests that these drugs deteriorate some child-parent relationships.Additionally, a one-year study suggests that stimulant use can lead to chronicdepression.Meanwhile, stimulants are nocure. They simply reduce core ADHD symptoms while the child is on the drug.Consequently, drugs may hide conditions that are misleadingly presenting asADHD, leaving them unnoticed.Due to these concerns, Itried other approaches before drugs. I enrolled Jane in a more challengingschool. There, she became first in her class. Later, she became high schoolvaledictorian(致告别辞的毕业生代表).What if I had accepted herteacher's suggestion? Jane probably would have been fine. But she could havedropped out of school. Medication might have sucked her into a depression orhidden her real problems leaving them unnoticed. Also, humanity might neverhave benefited from Jane's considerable achievements.Being watchful whilemedicating children is important for all parents, especially parents ofintelligent children. Mounting evidence indicates that bright kids are atconsiderable risk for misdiagnosis. And medication may minimize theircontributions, upon which society's progress depends. What did the author think of the teacher's suggestion?